{"id":4876,"date":"2018-05-01T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-01T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876"},"modified":"2025-07-19T23:06:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T16:36:27","slug":"ritual-religious-beliefs-and-practices-among-poe-kayin-nationals-living-in-hpa-an-township-kayin-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Ritual, religious beliefs and practices among Poe Kayin nationals living in Hpa-an township, Kayin state"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">PhD Dissertation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Theingi Soe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Department of Anthropology, <br>Dagon University, <br>Myanmar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">May 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>ABSTRACT <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Myanmar, over one hundred national ethnic groups are living nowadays. Each of the ethnic groups has their own characteristics and different cultural patterns. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand the ritual, religious beliefs and practices of a Poe Kayin ethnic group living in Hlaing Gabar Village tract in Hpa-an Township, Kayin State. The aim of this research is to find out the impact of ritual, religious beliefs and practices on their socio-economic life. The specific objectives of the research are -to find out Poe-Kayin\u2019s religious belief and practices, to elicit how their religious belief influences on their social and economic function. The study was conducted with qualitative methods. Key informant interview (KII),In-depth interview (IDI) and Direct observation were conducted to collect data. It was found that, only Poe- Kayin nationals live in this region. Religious and moral values are a highly sensitive area involving beliefs and concepts about the various different kinds of Buddhist and animist beliefs are mixed by each individual. Everyone can participate in this ritual regardless of age and sex. Even people from the neighboring villages come to participate in some ritual which is held in respective village tract. They practice matrilineal descendant pattern for Poe Kayin nationalities. The traditional practice has been handed down to only women \u2013 one generation after another. Manna and taboo for marriage, pregnancy and confinement are found so there are a few cases for inheritance and divorce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Key words:<\/strong> ritual, religion, belief, practice, function<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TheingiSoe-PhD-Dissertation-2-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4880 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TheingiSoe-PhD-Dissertation-2-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TheingiSoe-PhD-Dissertation-2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TheingiSoe-PhD-Dissertation-2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TheingiSoe-PhD-Dissertation-2.png 1200w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/576;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Theingi-Soe-PhD-Theses.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:830px\" aria-label=\"Embed of Theingi Soe PhD Theses.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-e32206bc-5d9e-4e82-8bfd-4e0d9e4ef127\" href=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Theingi-Soe-PhD-Theses.pdf\">Theingi Soe PhD Theses<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Theingi-Soe-PhD-Theses.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-e32206bc-5d9e-4e82-8bfd-4e0d9e4ef127\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Original Source: https:\/\/meral.edu.mm\/record\/2266\/files\/Theingi%20Soe%20PhD%20Theses.pdf <\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_4876\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"4876\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 16px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 16\/16;\" \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PhD Dissertation Theingi Soe Department of Anthropology, Dagon University, Myanmar May 2018 ABSTRACT In Myanmar, over one hundred national ethnic groups are living nowadays. Each of the ethnic groups has their own characteristics and different cultural patterns. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand the ritual, religious beliefs and practices of a Poe [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_4876\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"4876\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 16px; 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Each of the ethnic groups has their own characteristics and different cultural patterns. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand the ritual, religious beliefs and practices of a Poe [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&amp;lang=en\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u1019\u101f\u102c\u1015\u100a\u102c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-05-01T02:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-19T16:36:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TheingiSoe-PhD-Dissertation-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mahar Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mahar Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mahar Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/#\/schema\/person\/1ddcbedc4a029605cef71fe913c8e2b7\"},\"headline\":\"Ritual, religious beliefs and practices among Poe Kayin nationals living in Hpa-an township, Kayin state\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-01T02:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-19T16:36:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en\"},\"wordCount\":293,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TheingiSoe-PhD-Dissertation-1.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Education\",\"English\",\"Karen People\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=4876&lang=en\",\"name\":\"Ritual, religious beliefs and practices among Poe Kayin nationals living in Hpa-an township, Kayin state - 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