{"id":1998,"date":"2022-08-30T13:35:37","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T07:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=1998"},"modified":"2022-09-01T22:28:49","modified_gmt":"2022-09-01T15:58:49","slug":"four-forms-of-birth-buddhism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mahar.asia\/?p=1998&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Four Forms of Birth (Buddhism)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Explanation in English<\/strong> [1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Four forms of birth<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In traditional Buddhist thought, there are four forms of birth:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. birth from an egg (Sanskrit: Andaja; Pali: A\u1e47\u1e0daja; Chinese: \u5375\u751f; Standard Tibetan: Sgongskyes)\u2014like a bird, fish, or reptile;<\/li>
  2. birth from a womb (Sanskrit: Jarayuja; Pali: Jal\u0101buja; Chinese: \u80ce\u751f; Standard Tibetan: Mnal-skyes)\u2014like most mammals and some worldly devas;<\/li>
  3. birth from moisture (Sanskrit: Samsvedaja; Pali: Sa\u1e43sedaja; Chinese: \u6fd5\u751f; Standard Tibetan: Drod-skyes)\u2014probably referring to the appearance of animals whose eggs are microscopic, like maggots appearing in rotting flesh;<\/li>
  4. birth by transformation (Sanskrit: Upapaduka; Pali: Opapatika; Chinese: \u5316\u751f; Standard Tibetan: Rdzus-skyes)\u2014miraculous materialization, as with this devas.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Explanation in Chinese<\/strong> [3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u56db\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    154. \u91d1\u525b\u7d93\u8207\u5176\u5b83\u7d93\u5178\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u300e\u56db\u751f\u300f\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u56db\u751f\u662f\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u56db\u751f(\u68b5\u8a9ecatasro-yonayan)\uff0c(\u5df4\u5229\u8a9ecatasso-yoniyo)\u3002\u6307\u4e09\u754c\u516d\u9053\u6709\u60c5\u7522\u751f\u4e4b\u56db\u7a2e\u985e\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u64da\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6\u5377\u516b\u6240\u8f09\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e00\u3001\u5375\u751f(\u68b5\u8a9eandaja-yoni\uff0c\u5df4\u5229\u8a9e\u4ea6\u540c)\uff0c\u7531\u5375\u6bbc\u51fa\u751f\u8005\u7a31\u70ba\u5375\u751f\u3002\u5982\u9d28\u3001\u5b54\u96c0\u3001\u96de\u3001\u86c7\u3001\u9b5a\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u3001\u87fb\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u80ce\u751f(\u68b5\u8a9ejarayuja-yoni\uff0c \u5df4\u5229\u8a9ejalabu-ja)\uff0c\u53c8\u4f5c\u8179\u751f\u3002\u5f9e\u6bcd\u80ce\u800c\u51fa\u751f\u8005\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u80ce\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u4eba\u3001\u8c61\u3001\u99ac\u3001\u725b\u3001\u8c6c\u3001\u7f8a\u3001\u9a62\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u6fd5\u751f(\u68b5\u8a9esamsvedaja-yoni\uff0c\u5df4\u5229\u8a9esamseds-ja)\uff0c\u53c8\u4f5c\u56e0\u7de3\u751f\uff0c\u5bd2\u71b1\u548c\u5408\u751f\u3002\u5373\u7531\u7cde\u805a\u3001\u6ce8\u9053\u3001\u7a62\u5ec1\u3001\u8150\u8089\uff0c\u53e2\u8349\u7b49\u6f64\u6fd5\u5730\u4e4b\u6fd5\u6c23\u6240\u7522\u751f\u8005\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u6fd5\u751f\u3002\u5982\u98db\u86fe\u3001\u868a\u86b0\u3001\u8813\u868b\u3001\u9ebb\u751f\u87f2\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u56db\u3001\u5316\u751f(\u68b5\u8a9eupapaduka-yoni\uff0c\u5df4\u5229\u8a9eopaptika)\uff0c\u7121\u6240\u8a17\u800c\u5ffd\u6709\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u5316\u751f\u3002\u5982\u8af8\u5929\u3001\u5730\u7344\u3001\u4e2d\u6709\u4e4b\u6709\u60c5\uff0c\u7686\u7531\u5176\u904e\u53bb\u4e4b\u696d\u529b\u800c\u5316\u751f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5316\u751f\u4e4b\u773e\u751f\u70ba\u6700\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Explanation in Burmese<\/strong> [4]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u1018\u101d\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1018\u101d\u1010\u1001\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1012\u1007\u104a \u1029\u1015\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102d\u1000\u104a \u1021\u100f\u1039\u100d\u1007\u104a \u1002\u1017\u1039\u1018\u101e\u1031\u101a\u103b\u1000 \u101f\u1030\u104d\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u102d\u1015\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104c \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u1031\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1002\u1017\u1039\u1018\u101e\u1031\u101a\u103b\u1000\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038 \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u102c\u104c \u1007\u101c\u102c\u1017\u102f\u1007\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1002\u1017\u1039\u1018\u101e\u1031\u101a\u103b\u1000\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1018\u101d\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1018\u101d \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1018\u101d\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1005\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1010\u1039\u1010\u101d\u102b\u104f \u1014\u102c\u1019\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u100b\u102d\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031 \u101f\u1030\u104d\u1015\u102b\u1020\u102d\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u104c \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101d\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1000\u103c\u101e\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a (\u1041)\u101e\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1012\u1007\u104a (\u1042) \u1029\u1015\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102d\u1000\u104a (\u1043) \u1021\u100f\u1039\u100d\u1007\u104a (\u1044) \u1007\u101c\u102c\u1017\u102f\u1007\u101f\u1030\u104d \u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1007\u101c\u102c\u1017\u102f\u1007\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1019\u102d\u101d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104c \u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1002\u1017\u1039\u1018\u101e\u1031\u101a\u103b\u1000\u101f\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u1041\u104b \u1021\u100f\u1039\u100d\u1007\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1025\u104c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u100b\u102d\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b (Oviparity)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u1042\u104b \u1002\u1017\u1039\u1018\u101e\u1031\u101a\u103b\u1000\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1019\u102d\u101d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104c\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104d\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u100b\u102d\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b (Viviparity)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u1043\u104b \u101e\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1012\u1007\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c – \u101e\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1019\u1005\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1004\u101a\u103a\u104a \u101b\u1031\u1015\u102f\u1015\u103a\u104a \u101b\u1031\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u100a\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u1038\u104c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u100b\u102d\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b (Wet Birth)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u1044\u104b \u1029\u1015\u1015\u102b\u1010\u102d\u1000 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1018\u102f\u1036\u104a \u1017\u102d\u1019\u102c\u1014\u103a\u104a \u1025\u101a\u103b\u102c\u1009\u103a\u104a \u101b\u1031\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1005\u101e\u1031\u102c\u100c\u102c\u1014\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u100b\u102d\u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b (Metamorphosis (Biological)\/ Metaplasia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [Volunteer needed for Eastern Pwo Karen translation for this post] <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u1024\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1031\u1010\u1014\u102c\u1037\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong>]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Directly extracted from the following references: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. J\u0101ti (Buddhism) – Wikipedia<\/a><\/li>
    2. Karma and Rebirth in Buddhism (cam.ac.uk)<\/a><\/li>
    3. \u4f5b\u5b78\u554f\u7b54\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f2f (bfnn.org)<\/a><\/li>
    4. \u101e\u1014\u1039\u1013\u1031\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 – \u101d\u102e\u1000\u102e\u1015\u102e\u1038\u1012\u102e\u1038\u101a\u102c\u1038 (wikipedia.org)<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n
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      <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Explanation in English [1][2] Four forms of birth In traditional Buddhist thought, there are four forms of birth: birth from an egg (Sanskrit: Andaja; Pali: A\u1e47\u1e0daja; Chinese: \u5375\u751f; Standard Tibetan: Sgongskyes)\u2014like a bird, fish, or reptile; birth from a womb (Sanskrit: Jarayuja; Pali: Jal\u0101buja; Chinese: \u80ce\u751f; Standard Tibetan: Mnal-skyes)\u2014like most mammals and some worldly devas; […]<\/p>\n

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